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Cell theory
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All living things are made of cells, and cells come from pre existing cells.
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All flashcards in this deck
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Front
Prokaryotic cell
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A cell without a nucleus, such as bacteria.
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Eukaryotic cell
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A cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
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Cell membrane function
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Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.
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Nucleus
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Organelle that stores DNA and directs cell activity.
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Mitochondria role
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Produce ATP through cellular respiration.
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Ribosome function
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Build proteins from amino acids.
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Photosynthesis equation idea
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Plants use light, water, and carbon dioxide to make glucose and oxygen.
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Cellular respiration purpose
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Break down glucose to release usable energy.
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Diffusion
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Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.
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Osmosis
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Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
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Homeostasis
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Maintenance of stable internal conditions.
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Enzyme
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A biological catalyst that speeds up reactions.
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Substrate
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The molecule an enzyme acts on.
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DNA
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Molecule that stores hereditary information.
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RNA
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Molecule involved in gene expression and protein synthesis.
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Gene
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A segment of DNA coding for a functional product.
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Chromosome
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Condensed DNA structure carrying many genes.
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Mitosis
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Cell division producing two genetically identical daughter cells.
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Meiosis
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Cell division producing gametes with half the chromosome number.
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Punnett square
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Tool used to predict offspring genotype probabilities.
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Genotype
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The genetic makeup of an organism.
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Phenotype
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Observable traits produced by genes and environment.
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Dominant allele
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An allele expressed when at least one copy is present.
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Recessive allele
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An allele expressed only when two copies are present.
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Natural selection
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Individuals with advantageous traits leave more offspring.
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Adaptation
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A heritable trait that improves survival or reproduction.
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Speciation
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Formation of new species over time.
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Food chain
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Linear path of energy transfer between organisms.
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Producer in ecology
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Organism that makes its own food, usually by photosynthesis.
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Consumer in ecology
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Organism that gets energy by eating other organisms.
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Decomposer
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Organism that breaks down dead matter and recycles nutrients.
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Ecosystem
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Community of organisms interacting with each other and their environment.
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Biotic factor
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A living component of an ecosystem.
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Abiotic factor
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A nonliving environmental factor such as temperature or water.
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Nervous system function
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Coordinates body responses through electrical signals.
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Circulatory system function
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Transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body.
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Respiratory system function
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Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Immune system role
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Defends the body against pathogens.
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Scientific method in biology
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Ask a question, test a hypothesis, analyze data, and draw conclusions.