Front
Atom
Back
The smallest unit of an element that retains its properties.
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All flashcards in this deck
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Front
Proton charge
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Positive.
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Front
Neutron charge
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Neutral.
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Electron charge
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Negative.
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Atomic number
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Number of protons in the nucleus.
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Mass number
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Total number of protons and neutrons.
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Isotope
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Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
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Front
Periodic table period
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A horizontal row indicating principal energy level trends.
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Periodic table group
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A vertical column with elements of similar valence behavior.
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Valence electrons
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Outer shell electrons involved in bonding.
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Ionic bond
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Electrostatic attraction after electron transfer between atoms.
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Covalent bond
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Bond formed by sharing electron pairs.
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Metallic bond
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Attraction between metal cations and delocalized electrons.
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Molecule
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Two or more atoms chemically bonded as a unit.
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Compound
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A substance made from two or more elements in fixed ratios.
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Chemical formula
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Symbols showing element types and atom counts in a substance.
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Balanced equation
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Equation with equal numbers of each atom on both sides.
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Law of conservation of mass
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Matter is not created or destroyed in ordinary chemical reactions.
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Reactant
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Starting substance in a chemical reaction.
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Product
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Substance formed in a chemical reaction.
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Exothermic reaction
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Releases heat to surroundings.
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Endothermic reaction
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Absorbs heat from surroundings.
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Mole in chemistry
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6.022 times 10 to the 23 particles.
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Molar mass
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Mass of one mole of a substance, usually in grams per mole.
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Stoichiometry
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Using balanced equations to calculate quantities in reactions.
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Limiting reactant
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Reactant that runs out first and limits product amount.
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Percent yield
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Actual yield divided by theoretical yield times 100 percent.
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Acid
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Substance that donates hydrogen ions in water.
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Base
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Substance that accepts hydrogen ions or releases hydroxide ions in water.
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pH scale
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Measures acidity and basicity, typically from 0 to 14.
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Neutral solution pH
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About 7 at room temperature.
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Oxidation
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Loss of electrons.
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Reduction
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Gain of electrons.
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Catalyst
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Substance that speeds a reaction without being consumed.
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Solution
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Homogeneous mixture of solute dissolved in solvent.
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Solute
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Substance dissolved in a solvent.
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Solvent
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Substance that dissolves the solute, usually present in greater amount.
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Molarity
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Moles of solute per liter of solution.
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Gas law relationship
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Pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas are mathematically related.
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Lab safety basic rule
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Wear proper protective equipment and label all chemicals clearly.